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Thread: Mod&Fix ideas for Records mode.

  1. #41

    Default Re: Mod&Fix ideas for Records mode.

    Going back to the topics of shields and weapons:

    There are actually a lot of large shields in ancient East Asia but these aren't properly portrayed in the game. The shields during the Warring States to Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms era were widely varied and ranged from small bucklers to larger shields roughly the size of a Roman scutum. Even among a single shield type/shape, there were large variations in size - for example, the "double arc shield" with that polearm rest notches for example varied from small metal shields to large wooden shields the size of Roman scutums.

    "Warring States period Shuang Hu Dun currently kept at Jingzhou Museum. At 36.4" × 23" (92.5 cm x 58 cm): https://imgur.com/eGMxGFD

    Warring States shield (92.5cm tall, 55cm wide): https://imgur.com/ITzrBP5

    Smaller Warring States shield 47 cm tall: https://imgur.com/ITzrBP5

    Warring States era rectangular lacquered wooden "tower shield" (measured roughly 36.14 inches (91.8 cm) in height and 19.53 inches (49.6 cm) in width.): https://imgur.com/UE38Hr5

    Han era figurines with shields reaching from the shoulder to mid thighs (slightly smaller than Roman scutums):

    https://imgur.com/G1HrjQM

    https://imgur.com/N2DqZPe

    Other types of Han era shields:

    Large gourd shields and large curved shields: https://imgur.com/24oyNHH

    Smaller types of Han shields: https://imgur.com/mh4kVA6

    Smaller strapped shield (similar to the strapped round Macedonian shields given to phalangites): https://imgur.com/TLiALfA

    Jin Dynasty era larger shield roughly the size of a scutum:
    https://imgur.com/njl3oc4

    Three Kingdoms era/Eastern Wu large shield, roughly scutum size: https://imgur.com/WpiN3Kc

    Take a look at the shields on this website and wikipedia:
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chines...Shield_gallery
    http://greatmingmilitary.blogspot.co...na-part-1.html

    Some more photos:
    https://imgur.com/a/9pgf6Py


    2) We need shock infantry in the game. Conscription is a type of recruitment system. Shock infantry is a type of role for certain soldiers. The two terms are not mutually exclusive, as conscripted soldiers, volunteer soldiers, mercenaries, etc who all can serve as shock infantry.
    For example, the Roman army before the Marian reforms was recruited through conscription and composed of mostly levied milita forces. Celtic armies under Vercingetorix was almost primarily composed of less well equipped conscripted tribal levies with a small core of well equipped nobles. So you can certainly have soldiers performing as "shock infantry" in conscripted armies.
    There were numerous incidences of shock infantry. Gao Shun is one of Lu Bu's commanders, and the assault infantry were often heavily armored and wielded two handed long swords up to 5 feet long like this: https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qim...b44258d2cb9a55

    3) The soldiers were tall enough to carry the shields due to height requirements:

    "mean height of the figures to be 177.7 centimetes, with a range from 166.0 to 187.5 cm...the size distribution resembles almost precisely the distributions obtained in most military institutions of the eighteenth century, indicating that the minimum height requirement of the Qin army was close to 175.95 centimeters 'because this is the point at which the same distribution begins to deviate obviously from normal distribution" ...terra cotta statutes were probably true to life approximations of contemporary soldiers"

    - Edward Burman. The Terracotta Warriors: Exploring the Most Intriguing Puzzle in Chinese History

    "Based on this initial sample, the terra-cotta army looks like a series of portraits of real warriors," says UCL archaeologist Marcos Martinón-Torres. The results also fit well with those of a 2003 study by John Komlos, a now retired German economic historian. Komlos measured 734 terra-cotta warriors and compared their heights to those of 150 Chinese men measured in the mid-19th century. The findings, reported in the journal Antiquity, were a close match, suggesting to Komlos "that the size of the terra-cotta figures could well represent the true physical stature of the Chinese infantry."

    https://news.nationalgeographic.com/...a-archaeology/

    "Imperial regulations, though not entirely unambiguous, suggest that the minimum height for new recruits was five Roman feet, seven inches (165 cm., 5'4")[five feet four/five inches in modern measurement]...reasonable estimate of a soldier's average height is around 170 cm. 5' 7")." - Roth, Jonathan, and Jonathan P. Roth. The Logistics of the Roman Army at War: 264 BC-AD 235.
    Last edited by Intranetusa; June 11, 2019 at 08:10 PM.

  2. #42

    Default Re: Mod&Fix ideas for Records mode.

    Quote Originally Posted by Intranetusa View Post
    If it's tripe then you will have to provide academic evidence to refute it. I provided several scholarly sources saying arranged marriages did NOT require the consent of Nordic women. You're saying you know more than these scholars I cited or know these scholars are wrong...well let's see some comparable evidence to the contrary.


    I've read that the Germanic Tribes weren't monogamous either - polygamy was practiced by those who could afford it:
    Tacitus portrayed the sexual habits of the Germans as upright and austere and marriage as a solemn undertaking in which monogamy was implicit, at least for women." ... "Polygyny was also a common feature of Germanic domestic life, although most men probably contented themselves with a single wife because they could not afford to do otherwise. Among royal families and the upper ranks of the nobility, however, polygyny was common prior to the conversion of the Germans to Christianity. In many cases the practice persisted for several generations after conversion, and the law continued to ignore sexual promiscuity among men while penalizing it among women"
    -p. 128 of "Law and Sex in Early Medieval Europe, Sixth to Eleventh Centuries: The Germanic Invasions and Germanic Law" by James A. Brundage

    Here is a full copy of the book: http://the-eye.eu/public/concen.org/...e.Jan,1990.pdf


    Maybe it got better or maybe it didn't get better under Christianity. Even if people over-exaggerated the benefits of Christianity, what we do know was that pre-Christian Vikings did not require the consent of the women for arranged marriages. Consent was beneficial, but in most cases was not necessary.


    The most detailed eye witness accounts of the medieval Viking sacrifice clearly portrays it as not voluntary because the slaves didn't know they were going to get gang raped and murdered. And the Vikings had to hide the noises from her scream so she wouldn't scare the other slaves from "volunteering."


    The two are not in the same category. Self Crucifixion is more similar to foot binding and corsets as it is just physical mutilation - they don't actually die. They are not volunteering themselves to get gang raped and murdered. They're all crazy practices, but they're on different levels of crazy.


    And you ignored my point about 1) no historical evidence of foot binding during the Tang Dynasty and 2) foot binding being an optional practice for high class women, and was not even practiced by commoners until very late in the imperial era (eg. by the time corsets came around).

    If we really want address slaves vs free women and distinguish between female slaves vs female non-slaves, we can distinguish between female upper class vs female everybody else too...see discussion at the end.


    And that someone let you know that there is no evidence foot binding even originated in the Tang Dynasty, as there are only anachronistic stories from Song era and later. We really only have evidence that foot binding existed during the late Southern Tang and early Song Dynasty, so your original claim that the women's rights during the Tang Dynasty (especially during the early Tang during Wu Zeitan or Princess/General Pingyang) was bad simply because of foot binding is based on a faulty premise.


    I refuted your claim that women were treated worse in the periods after the Han Dynasty, so you brought up the issue of foot binding to claim the Tang Dynasty women were really badly treated (even though we have no evidence of the practice during the Tang era). You were implying that society's rights for women can be judge by a single bad practice, so it was logical to bring up the Vikings who gang raped and murdered slave women in rituals because you kept harping on the idea that pre-Christian Germanic peoples as a shining example of women's rights.


    It never was an east vs west argument. It was an argument about how it was silly to use a single cultural practice to judge the entire society. Your only argument for your claim that the Tang Dynasty had poor women's rights was your claim about the practice of foot binding...which is a practice that likely didn't even exist during the Tang Dynasty.

    I only brought up examples of Viking gang rape and murder and corsets so you can see the problem of the logic of judging societies based on a single practice. You're claiming one bad practice = entire society is bad, so I said let's see how your logic can be applied to the pre-Christian Germanic peoples and others.


    You claimed the Tang Dynasty's rights for women were bad simply because of one practice: "foot binding," which likely didn't even exist during the Tang Dynasty because there isn't historical evidence it existed during that time outside of anachronistic stories from later periods. I brought up Vikings gang raping females to prove a point about your own logic, not to claim the Vikings had poor women's rights.

    You brought up an anachronistic story about an optional practice for mostly upper class women to slander the Tang Dynasty, when there is no evidence the practice even existed during the Tang era in the first place.


    I've already provided academic sources stating that pre-Christian Germanic arranged generally did not require the women's consent. Seeking their opinion was beneficial, but not required. As a scarred veteran of PreChristian European history, you can go ahead and provide sources proving me wrong.


    Ibn Fadlan's account is one of the most detailed [if not the only detailed] accounts of a early medieval Viking burial ritual we have anywhere, and he had a mixture of praises and criticisms in his writings. If we judge them based on even the standards of their time - the gang rape and murder of female slaves would be pretty shocking even to slave owning civilizations.

    The distinctions you're drawing between slave women vs free women brings up distinctions that we can also apply to foot binding. So we can ignore certain groups of women in this discussion about women's rights because of their social class? If we want to remove entire categories of women from the women's rights equation based on social status, then we can do the same for foot binding, because it was a procedure relegated to the upper class for much of its history. The vast majority of women during the Song Dynasty did not practice foot binding, as the practice didn't spread among the other social classes until many centuries after the Song collapse.
    Just want to say, going in this hard after a Mod told people to stay on topic is... Annoying... I'm not even sure if I'm allowed to defend myself or not.
    I'll send the bulk of my reply to the topic addressed in this as a PM, but want to say publicly; the treatment of Thrall girls is an excellent bit of evidence...
    For how the Norse view slaves in general, with utter contempt as if they aren't even human beings.
    So yes, I think isolated practices can say a lot about a culture, unless counter weighted with other evidence showing it is just an isolated practice. Which is why I had said I'd need convincing, implying I wanted you to provide said counter evidence. After all, as I've stated, I'm only recently learning about Chinese history.
    What set you off on this tirade was in fact an invitation for more information, not a challenge or assertion.
    PS: The marriages of Nordic cultures didn't require the consent of either party, but the Sagas clearly indicate that is was expected to talk to both parties about the arrangement.

    Now then, back on topic as per mod suggestion. Since you're very source happy, I would love to see evidence of conscription for Romans/Celts/Greeks etc, as Conscription is different from simply levying.
    Conscription is mandated, and requires no free will. Amongst the Romans, Greeks, Germanics, and honestly just Northern Europeans in General, the process was voluntary or was due to perks of being of a participatory class. In the Germanic societies, being a Freeman and having the right to participate in the Thing(assembly), in Athens it was similar (only those who pledged for the military were allowed to serve), in Rome it's a similar case where a free man was granted participation in government in exchange for military service.

    You are confusing conscription with the broader term, levying, which is the mere process and doesn't actually require force.
    con·script




    verb
    verb: conscript; 3rd person present: conscripts; past tense: conscripted; past participle: conscripted; gerund or present participle: conscripting
    /kənˈskript/

    1.
    enlist (someone) compulsorily, typically into the armed services.
    "they were conscripted into the army"

    le·vy


    /ˈlevē/



    verb

    gerund or present participle: levying



    • 2.
      archaic
      enlist (someone) for military service.
      "he sought to levy one man from each parish for service"

      • begin to wage (war).











    However, that is mere semantics in a sense. As words mean a lot more then their mere definition. Due to popular usage, at least in the military history circles I frequent, conscripts is a term used to usually indicate poor quality levies rather than a merely forced levies. Unlike the Romans/Celts/etc who were expected to partake in military affairs, and in the case of Celts/Germans and I believe the Spartans (who were really more a warrior class than anything else) owned their own weapons and trained with them in private. In the case of the former even being used to defend against rampant raids.
    As for the Romans, I do not know if the men kept their equipment that was provided to them as Roman organization changed vastly over the years.


    As for shields, I apologize if I misrepresented my case, and outright curse your name if you're deliberately misrepresenting me, I will go back and read through my posts to see if I came across as saying there were no large shields. I know of the larger shields, that shields became larger in general during this period, and even of those "great shields" which comprised the first row and I think were two handed metal ones, or fixed emplacements...
    What I actually said was, and I believe you even confirmed this in one of your earlier sources or statements(Having a heard time finding it because of the way you format your responses), that it was not the norm or common.. I believe you spoke something on the common method of fighting, which had something to do with polearms having smaller shields or.. Gotta find that.

    Going back to shock troops, and again, I don't think I ever claimed that Chinese lacked them, but that they did not have as many. Much like with the shields what I was asserting was that it was not as prevalent, thus the archers not needing to be nerfed as most of the units don't have lumbering shields (in game or out of it). As for the prevalence of shock infantry, I believe that was brought up as one of my reasonings for why.

    As for the Terracotta army (as opposed to burial data, or written height regulations), I've never gotten this "proof" for the height of average Chinese or even average Chinese warriors. I've even been made more skeptical by the fact that I know there's this really weird conspiracy in China that their population has somehow shrunk in the modern day rather than gotten larger. The only burial data for large ancient Chinese men comes from the Longshan culture.
    Now I know, you could say the Terracotta army might have been under height restrictions (as you shown with the Roman comparison)... However, since they're guarding the emperor in the afterlife aren't these, you know, the best of the best? Creme of the crop? You don't send John Doe to guard the emperor for forever... Do you have any more information on this?

    These are Questions not Assertions
    Sorry if that's obnoxious, but you've seem to repeatedly not gotten that before, and I'd like to make sure I can't just assume you were skimming this time.


    I've got some links myself this time, granted I cannot read a damn one of them (since I don't read/speak mandarin, or any Chinese language for that matter.) But from the summary I've read, it says normal heights for men were more in the high 16Xs CM wise. (Just to show what I'm working off of)

    https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qim...65e62e87d118d8
    https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qim...a475455d3e5baa
    https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qim...509a33f5d404e4
    https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qim...10856f0f5626-c
    https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qim...7a71614c7d17-c
    https://qph.fs.quoracdn.net/main-qim...99c3ea8e0099b9

    Here's the summary I saw posted about this topic in said reply:
    "Let’s look at Han people throughout history:

    Based on current archaeological data,Western Zhou Dynasty to Western Han Dynasty During this period, the average height of men was about 1.69 meters. The average height of women is about 1.56 meters.
    A group of Shaanxi, Lintong The Warring States to the Qin Dynasty Of the graves: 34 male individuals with an average height of 167.9cm, the highest of which is 177.71cm; the average height of 27 female samples is 160.85cm.
    Unearthed The Western Han Dynasty The average male height in the tomb (Shaanxi, Liang, Fu) was 168.59cm, and the female: 152.83cm. Men (Henan, Zhengzhou): 169.52cm, female: 159.11cm.
    43 cases of Beijing situn village cemetery Han Dynasty Tombs The average height of male residents is about 165.34cm, and the average height of women is 159.18cm, according to the report.
    Tang dynasty (Henan, Zhengzhou, tomb): male: 167.03cm; female: 158.39cm.
    Song dynasty (Henan, Zhengzhou, tomb): male: 164.49cm; female: 156.17cm.
    It appears most Han today are taller than their ancestors, especially people in northern China…"


    PS: Yes, it's a Quora thread, but one that's clearly siting actual data. BTW, been reading through your own links and I'd rather not start a Source War. The only high end sources you've linked have been about the Romans. Wikipedia's luke warm, hit or miss for me as a source, due to the ammount of times I've caught complete BS on the page. Especially concerning history and politics, but hey, I guess that's to be expected.
    Link to original thread. https://www.quora.com/How-tall-were-the-ancient-Chinese
    I know, Quora can be a crapshoot. So can this site, yet you probably don't want me to brush you off out of hand.
    Last edited by SargonTheDude; June 11, 2019 at 06:59 PM.

  3. #43

    Default Re: Mod&Fix ideas for Records mode.

    Quote Originally Posted by SargonTheDude View Post
    Due to popular usage, at least in the military history circles I frequent, conscripts is a term used to usually indicate poor quality levies rather than a merely forced levies.
    In 3K history circles, "conscript" usually doesn't indicate quality of the levy. This is mostly because most of the historians in the field refer to the Han practices of state service in the military as "conscription," and said service also came with training requirements, regular inspection, and rotational periods throughout the empire during Former Han, but only on the frontier during Later Han.

    De Crespigny usually draws the distinction between men raised through this system and men forced into service ad hoc by local armies and leaders by calling the latter "levying" or "press ganging." These ones are typically made out to be of poorer quality than most everyone else.
    My Three Kingdoms Military History Blog / Military Map Project - https://zirroxas.tumblr.com/
    Ask me a question!

  4. #44

    Default Re: Mod&Fix ideas for Records mode.

    Quote Originally Posted by SargonTheDude View Post
    Now then, back on topic as per mod suggestion. Since you're very source happy, I would love to see evidence of conscription for Romans/Celts/Greeks etc, as Conscription is different from simply levying. Conscription is mandated, and requires no free will. Amongst the Romans, Greeks, Germanics, and honestly just Northern Europeans in General, the process was voluntary or was due to perks of being of a participatory class.
    Conscription was commonly used by the Romans during the Republican era. I don't know what the Germans used so I can't say if they used conscription or not. The Roman Republican military system was primarily a conscripted citizen-levy and didn't start transitioning to more volunteer based service until the Marian Reforms. In fact the word "conscription" comes from the Romans:
    "the word conscription is borrowed from Rome, where the Latin term conscribere milites was used to refer to the enrollment or registration of men...Liability for service included the age groups between 17 and 60." -"A Handbook of Military Conscription and Composition the World Over" by By Rita J. Simon, Mohamed Alaa Abdel-Moneim

    https://books.google.com/books?id=ek...iption&f=false

    Here are some wiki links and simpler links, let me know if you want something more detailed:

    "One of the more current misconceptions regarding the Roman army in the later republican era concerns the introduction of a professional army recruited from volunteers to replace the militia army composed of conscripts. Conscription was not ended by the fact that Marius accepted volunteers from the capite censi. Draftees rather than volunteers continued to provide the bulk of legionary recruits."
    http://s_van_dorst.tripod.com/reparmy2.html

    "Jean Jacques Rousseau argued vehemently against professional armies, believing that it was the right and privilege of every citizen to participate to the defense of the whole society, and a mark of moral decline to leave this business to professionals. He based this belief upon the development of the Roman republic, which came to an end at the same time as the Roman army changed from a conscript to professional force."
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscr...f_conscription

    "The Roman army of the late Republic (88–30 BC) marks the continued transition between the conscription-based citizen-levy of the mid-Republic and the mainly volunteer, professional standing forces of the imperial era. "
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_army

    https://books.google.com/books?id=ek...iption&f=false

    Quote Originally Posted by SargonTheDude View Post
    You are confusing conscription with the broader term, levying, which is the mere process and doesn't actually require force.
    The term "levying" is a verb and is the process of raising an army. The term "levy" is a noun and is a type of military force [usually] created by conscription. When someone describes military levies, they are referring to conscripts (unless used in the British empire levy sense).

    "noun, plural lev·ies: 1) an imposing or collecting, as of a tax, by authority or force. 2) the amount owed or collected. 3) the conscription of troops. 4) the troops conscripted." https://www.dictionary.com/browse/levy
    "Conscript forces: Feudal levies a form of medieval conscription" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levy

    Tribal levies in Celtic Briton: "Most of a tribal army consisted of levies but a tribe also possessed a core of experienced warriors."

    https://books.google.com/books?id=vg...levies&f=false

    Boii Celts in northern Italy forming a levy: "Seeing the expulsion of the Senones, and fearing the same fate for themselves, the Boii made a general levy, summoned the Etruscans to join them, and set out to war. They mustered their forces near the lacus Vadimonis, and there gave the Romans battle" -Polybius, Histories

    http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/...tlg,0543,001:2

    "Vercingetorix stinted his levies in order to maintain their quality..."

    https://books.google.com/books?id=1L...levies&f=false

    "While Vercingetorix is raising fresh levies..."

    https://books.google.com/books?id=1B...levies&f=false

    Quote Originally Posted by SargonTheDude View Post
    I know of the larger shields, that shields became larger in general during this period, and even of those "great shields" which comprised the first row and I think were two handed metal ones, or fixed emplacements. ...
    The large rectangular shields I posted in my picture were not two handed metal shields - they're made of wood and used by one hand. The large double arced shields roughly the size/slightly smaller than scutums are also one handed shields. The large gourd shields and curved shields as seen in the murals and figurines are also decently sized and are one handed. The fixed emplacement shields might be something else, but I did not post about them as I didn't find much about them yet.

    Quote Originally Posted by SargonTheDude View Post
    What I actually said was, and I believe you even confirmed this in one of your earlier sources or statements(Having a heard time finding it because of the way you format your responses), that it was not the norm or common...
    I did not say they were not common and don't think my sources did either. We do have many images and many figurines displaying the use of larger shields. All the clay figurine soldiers in these pictures of recovered artifacts are using larger shields:
    1) https://imgur.com/N2DqZPe


    2) https://imgur.com/G1HrjQM



    Given the numerous displays of larger shields in figurines and murals, I'd say they were common (or at least not uncommon). Whether they were more common than smaller shields, we don't know for sure, but there were lots of different shields uncovered in murals, figurines, and archaeological remains and many were the larger sizes. The smaller shields from what I understand are represented by the small solid bronze shield uncovered in the Qin tomb, some medium-small figurine shields of the Han, or the small metal hook-parrying buckler shields of the Han era used by some irregulars...and there are a lot of portrays of larger shields too.

    Quote Originally Posted by SargonTheDude View Post
    I believe you spoke something on the common method of fighting, which had something to do with polearms having smaller shields or.. Gotta find that. .
    I did not say it absolutely has to do with smaller shields. Double arced shields have notches that can be used to rest or leverage polearms. There are smaller double arced shields with notches and there are larger double arced shields (almost as big as scutums) with notches - so both types could be used to leverage polearms. There are also strapped on double arced shields used for cavalry or for infantry with two handed weapons (eg. long polearms)...which might be similar to strapped shields similar to Macedonian pikemen.

    These strapped double arced shields are the smaller variety:
    https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-a1eaZPyyQ...g17BGmg13.jpeg

    Quote Originally Posted by SargonTheDude View Post
    Going back to shock troops, and again, I don't think I ever claimed that Chinese lacked them, but that they did not have as many. Much like with the shields what I was asserting was that it was not as prevalent, thus the archers not needing to be nerfed as most of the units don't have lumbering shields (in game or out of it). As for the prevalence of shock infantry, I believe that was brought up as one of my reasonings for why..
    The number of "infantry" shock troops as depends entirely on the era. During eras when cavalry was prevalent and access to horselands were not an issue, shock troops were cavalry (eg. shock cavalry). When the kingdom didn't have access to lots of horses, shock troops were infantry. You don't need a lot of shock infantry when you have shock cavalry.

    Quote Originally Posted by SargonTheDude View Post
    As for the Terracotta army (as opposed to burial data, or written height regulations), I've never gotten this "proof" for the height of average Chinese or even average Chinese warriors..
    I gave you the sources that you can address. The sources say the terra cotta army represents real life heights and size distributions in military institutions in China.

    "mean height of the figures to be 177.7 centimetes, with a range from 166.0 to 187.5 cm...the size distribution resembles almost precisely the distributions obtained in most military institutions of the eighteenth century, indicating that the minimum height requirement of the Qin army was close to 175.95 centimeters 'because this is the point at which the same distribution begins to deviate obviously from normal distribution" ...terra cotta statutes were probably true to life approximations of contemporary soldiers" - Edward Burman. The Terracotta Warriors: Exploring the Most Intriguing Puzzle in Chinese History

    https://books.google.com/books?id=3f...5%20cm&f=false

    "Komlos measured 734 terra-cotta warriors and compared their heights to those of 150 Chinese men measured in the mid-19th century. The findings, reported in the journal Antiquity, were a close match, suggesting to Komlos "that the size of the terra-cotta figures could well represent the true physical stature of the Chinese infantry."" -Ears of Ancient Chinese Terra-Cotta Warriors Offer Clues to Their Creation

    https://news.nationalgeographic.com/...a-archaeology/

    Quote Originally Posted by SargonTheDude View Post
    I've even been made more skeptical by the fact that I know there's this really weird conspiracy in China that their population has somehow shrunk in the modern day rather than gotten larger. The only burial data for large ancient Chinese men comes from the Longshan culture...
    I have not heard of this conspiracy. However, heights have gone up and down from various factors...we have to account for nutrition and genetics.
    1) During times of turmoil and chaos, nutrition declines and average height declines
    2) Northern ethnic groups are taller than southern ethnic groups.

    Genetics: For example, ethnic groups in what is now northeastern China were as tall as 5'10" to 6'3" as long as 5000 years ago: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/art...ll-people.html Now, they certainly don't represent the average height in ancient or modern China, but it shows the huge variation in the heights of different ethnic groups in the region.

    Nutrition: During times of turmoil, chaos, famines, etc (eg. mid-late 1800s) people will have less nutrition and average heights will decline. The Chinese people who grew up during the 1950s-60s lived during a time of famine (eg. tens of millions starving to death from Mao's policies) might also have stunted or declined height, so those who grew up in those times might pull down the average height distribution.

    Nutrition also decreased during the late Qing Dynasty, In this link, the study by the university of Tuebingen shows the average height of a Chinese man in 1820 was 165.8 cm [5'4"-5'5"] - which is also the same height as a man in Italy (165.8cm) and slightly taller than a man in France (163.9cm). In the year 1900, the average height of men in Japan was only 158.7cm [5'2"] while the height in China had dropped to 164cm [5'3"-5'4"] while the height of a man in France jumped to 166.7 cm (5'5"). https://ourworldindata.org/human-height

    Quote Originally Posted by SargonTheDude View Post
    Now I know, you could say the Terracotta army might have been under height restrictions (as you shown with the Roman comparison)... However, since they're guarding the emperor in the afterlife aren't these, you know, the best of the best? Creme of the crop? You don't send John Doe to guard the emperor for forever... Do you have any more information on this?..
    They're not the best of the best because around 30-40% of the terra cotta soldiers are unarmored (or only wearing only cloth padding armor) and there were some of them that were as short as 5'4" - 5'5." The Terra cotta army just portrays regular Qin army soldiers with height deviations from as short as 5'4" to as tall as 6'2".

    If they were best of the best then all of the Terra Cotta troops would be well armored in lamellar and 6+ foot tall, instead of having varying levels of armor and some being rather short.

    Quote Originally Posted by SargonTheDude View Post
    ...It appears most Han today are taller than their ancestors, especially people in northern China…".
    Yes, the average person for most areas is probably taller than people thousands of years ago (assuming we are comparing the same ethnic group/region and assuming better nutrition).

    The Qin military had height requirements so they weren't composed of the average person and would be taller than average. Similarly, the average Roman soldier was around 5'7" tall with the minimum being 5'4" tall due to height requirements, but the average male Roman citizen from places such as Pompeii was only 5'4 tall:

    "The major samples from Herculaneum and Pompeii reveal the stature of the ancient adult body. The average height for females was calculated from the data to have been 155 cm in Herculaneum and 154 cm in Pompeii: that for males was 169 cm in Herculaneum and 166 cm in Pompeii. This is somewhat higher than the average height of modern Neapolitans in the 1960s and about 10 cm shorter than the WHO recommendations for modern world populations." -Laurence, Ray. "Health and the Life Course at Herculaneum and Pompeii." Health in Antiquity. Ed. Helen King. London: Routledge, 2005.

    "Imperial regulations, though not entirely unambiguous, suggest that the minimum height for new recruits was five Roman feet, seven inches (165 cm., 5'4")[five feet four/five inches in modern measurement]...reasonable estimate of a soldier's average height is around 170 cm. 5' 7")." - Roth, Jonathan, and Jonathan P. Roth. The Logistics of the Roman Army at War: 264 BC-AD 235

    Quote Originally Posted by SargonTheDude View Post
    Based on current archaeological data,Western Zhou Dynasty to Western Han Dynasty During this period, the average height of men was about 1.69 meters.
    Yeh, so the Zhou to Western Han people were basically the same average height (169 cm or 5'4"-5'5") as the average males in the Roman cities of the time. And both Romans and Qin/Han had height requirements so their troops were above the average height. So in terms of "frame," holding a scutum sized shield shouldn't be an issue for the troops of either nation.
    Last edited by Intranetusa; June 11, 2019 at 10:25 PM.

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