PORTUGAL

**Jurand of Cracow** · February 11, 2021, 02:47 PM

Hi Guys,
I've got in my files a download with the Portuguese names. It was made for the HMA mod of Miguel_80, but by somebody else. Could you, the Natives, check if it's ok, and maybe @Macaras would implement it in the mod?
The repetitions are ok for they signify the frequency of the names.

Spoiler Alert, click show to read:

Current list in the SSHIP is as follows:

Spoiler Alert, click show to read:

**Sete** · November 19, 2021, 07:15 AM

Do you still need any info on Portugal?

**Jurand of Cracow** · November 19, 2021, 08:02 AM

Originally Posted by Sete

Do you still need any info on Portugal?

Yes, nobody has reviewed / implemented the Portuguese names yet.

it would also be interesting to have a few events - I don't find any in the descr_events.txt.

**Sete** · November 19, 2021, 09:50 AM

Ok I can have a look at the names and events. I'm trying to play a campaign to check the units but it keeps crashing unfortunately.

Edit: The list provided on the previous post is ok, but it has some spanish versions of the name which by then it would be common.
Your current list on the mod is also correct altough it's all modern Portuguese, which is also ok.
Except Ma#ria should be Maria
Mo#nica= Monica

I'm not a modder but I can provide information on historical events.

**Jurand of Cracow** · November 19, 2021, 10:00 AM

Originally Posted by Sete

I'm trying to play a campaign to check the units but it keeps crashing unfortunately.

well, you need to have a look at your install. using v. 098 is pretty simple - just unpack it into the mod folder, full stop.

On the events:

One needs

1. write a nam and a description of the events

{HISTORIC_HAMBURG_CITY_RIGHTS_BODY}In 1188 Hamburg adopted the Lübeck law (Lübsches Recht). A charter in 1189 by Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor granted Hamburg the status of an Imperial Free City and tax-free access up the Lower Elbe into the North Sea, the right to fish, to cut trees and the freedom of military service. The charter was given orally for Hamburg's backing of Frederick's crusades, and in 1265 an in all probability forged letter was presented to or by the Rath of Hamburg.
{HISTORIC_HAMBURG_CITY_RIGHTS_TITLE}Hamburg gets city rights

2. write when it should be shown (1132 + date)

event historic HISTORIC_HAMBURG_CITY_RIGHTS
date 49

3. provide a picture related to that event; format .tga with lenght of 367 points.

**Sete** · November 19, 2021, 10:54 AM

Yeah I made a clean install. Will double check settings.

Ok will try to find some important events.

**Cephalophore** · November 19, 2021, 02:22 PM

I still suggest Portuguese names could just be extracted from the Cantigas:

Facsimiles
https://rbdigital.realbiblioteca.es/...%2C8580%2C6240
https://archive.org/details/b.-r.-20/page/n6/mode/1up

Databases
https://cantigas.fcsh.unl.pt/antroponimia.asp?ling=eng (most user friendly)
https://csm.mml.ox.ac.uk/index.php?p=poem_list
http://www.cantigasdesantamaria.com/

Some renditions of names
Alffõsso
Alfonso
Alffonso
Pedro
Petro
Miguéél
Rodriguez
Rodriguiz
Gonsaluo
Sanchaz
Garsia
Fernãdiz
Fernandez

**Sete** · November 19, 2021, 02:29 PM

I'm no expert but I have some material on Portugal up to 16th century.
I'll provide info on a few units with images and sources if possible.

I'll drop the dates of their origin so they can be fit into early, high or late.

I'll start the most important one:
Besteiros do Conto (Conto Crossbowmen)

Throughout their existence as a military force, the besteiros do conto (crossbowmen)2 played a fundamental role in the battles fought by the Portuguese Crown. This group of soldiers, recruited at the local level in the municipalities, was soon subjected to various attempts at regulation by the monarchy. It is believed that they first began to be organized in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries by Dom Dinis or Dom Afonso IV (Ferreira 1988: 185).
The recruitment of men for this militia was to be made from among the artisans, preferably those who were married and did not till the land on a permanent basis with a yoke of oxen. Were it not possible to find the necessary men from among this group when replacing the force’s members in the event of death, the Ordenações Afonsinas decreed that recruitment could be made from other sectors (Ordenações Afonsinas 1984: 437, vol. I, título LXIX, n.º 29).

The besteiros do conto enjoyed a series of privileges that distinguished them from the rest of the infantry. They could not, however, aspire to promotion to the status of cavaleiros-vilãos (villein-knights) (Mattoso 1995: 299). They were paid soldiers and, as José Mattoso noted, they represented one of the first contingents to display the “minimum requirements of professionalization” (Mattoso 1995: 299) or, as João Gouveia Monteiro further added, “of specialization in the use of a particular weapon (which did, in fact, require regular training)” (Monteiro 1998: 65). In turn, as A. H. de Oliveira Marques noted, the instruments created by the Crown to organize and manage the besteiros do conto resulted in a “first step toward the structuring of a State with modern characteristics” (Marques 1986: 348).
Among the other privileges enjoyed by this militia, the following were the most significant: exemption from a series of taxes (municipal for the most part), as was the case with the payment of almotaçaria, peitas, fintas and talhas (and, obviously, the payment of jugadas and oitavas8, if the municipal charter included this exemption); the direct protection of the monarch, so that anyone attacking them or their property would be punished judicially; the right to a retirement pension subject to a series of conditions (Ordenações Afonsinas 1984: 437, vol. I, título LXIX, n.º 29); and finally the right to possess weapons and to circulate freely throughout the kingdom (on condition that they did not cause damage with these weapons or wander around outside late at night) (Chancelarias Portuguesas: D. João I 2004: 89-91, vol. III, t. 1, doc. 179).

Besides these privileges, the besteiros do conto were obliged to fulfill a series of obligations and duties. They performed small tasks linked to the policing of the concelhos (Monteiro 1998: 68) and transported both prisoners and money (Chancelarias Portuguesas: D. João I 2004: 89-91, vol. III, t. 1, doc. 179). In addition to these duties, crossbowmen were obliged to serve for six weeks without pay as a form of compulsory military service, take care of their weaponry and keep it operational (mainly the crossbow), take part in musters when summoned to do so, and participate in archery contests as a form of training (Chancelarias Portuguesas: D. João I 2004: 89-91, vol. III, t. 1, doc. 179).
his military force continued to form part of the Portuguese army for almost two centuries, eventually being suppressed by Dom Manuel I at the end of the fifteenth century, at the Lisbon Cortes of 1498 (Santos 2005: 197). However, the role played by the besteiros do conto was gradually taken over by other military forces serving the Portuguese crown. The organization of this medieval militia was an important source of know-how that provided the basis for creating and regulating the espingardeiros do conto,11 the militia of musketeers who replaced the besteiros do conto and played a leading role in the appearance and spread of firearms. These two groups did, however, coexist with one another in the last two decades of the fifteenth century (Martins 2008: 395).
My next post will be Espingardeiros do Conto (basically (Arquebusiers)

Source

I'll add a few more units when time permits.
(And images when I'm on the PC)

**Sete** · November 19, 2021, 02:34 PM

Espingardeiros do Conto
The handgunners were a portuguese military squad whose emergence is noted during the second quarter of the fifteenth century. They obtained a considerable representation in the king’s army becoming one of the military corps that composed it. This evolution was coinciding with the widespread use of firearms in Europe. The handgunners used portable firearms (like the colobreta or the matchlock) that were, unlike the artillery, loaded and fired by only one person. The internal organization of the squad was very similar to the one that is observed in the besteiros do conto (crossbowmen), specially in aspects concerning the geographical origin, social group of recruitment and the chain of command. Nonetheless, there were substancial diferences in the recruitment, provided, that the king reinforced the local militias of handgunners with professionalized members that received a considerable anual payment (tença). As for the privileges to which these members were entitled, it is reinforced that they have the exemption of the jugada (an important tax over the agricultural production), except in the cereal production, a concession lost by the besteiros do conto, still in the reign of D. John I. The reign of King John II (1482-1495) was an important moment for the definition of the legal components of the squad and for the increase of the number of hangunnners. We registered 416 letters of privilege, distributed by 64 centers of recruitment, in Portuguese territory. Nevertheless, more than the immediate substitution of the besteiros do conto for the handgunners, the royal administration sought throughout the fifteenth century to converge the contributions of the two squads. The military action of handgunners is reported for a considerable part of the Portuguese campaigns in this century (Tangier (1437), Alfarrobeira (1449), Alcácer-Ceguer (1458), Arzila (1471), Toro (1476) and Graciosa (1489)), being, however, only in the Battle of Toro that their participation proved decisive for the outcome of the conflict.
Source

**Sete** · November 19, 2021, 03:11 PM

It's very archaic Portuguese those names tho.
Portuguese did evolve trough the game timeline, so a compromise would be the best choice in my opinion of course.

**Cephalophore** · November 19, 2021, 03:49 PM

I think some changes are acceptable:
Gonsaluo = Gonsalvo

Portuguese did evolve trough the game timeline, so a compromise would be the best choice in my opinion of course.

This is what is difficult, because afaik we can't divide the names up by era in a single game without a .bat or something. However, I think we can divide them by Early and Late game campaigns once we get to that point. Personally, I prefer the most historical names.. but people can argue that this is simply orthographic and it doesn't matter much.

Considering we have duplicate names to generate some sense of popularity I think using the different renditions is a good compromise, imo.

Ideally, I would like to incorporate a setup menu in which people can choose between standard and historical names. The mod is "historical improvement project" and in my own imagination this includes immersive unintelligibility via character names/city names/unit names/in game voices. Descriptions and whatnot would still be English of course.

This has generally always been my ideal balance between historical and practical. Factions should feel foreign.

**Sete** · November 19, 2021, 04:33 PM

Well really depends on what the mod dev team wants to achieve really. I have 0 experience at modding so I do not know the options available.

**Cephalophore** · November 19, 2021, 09:26 PM

I think it is hard to say since we all have different interests. I don't have much modding skills myself.

**Sete** · November 20, 2021, 06:18 AM

Aventureiros:
Vannila Medieval 2 total was has a unit called Aventuros. It was inspired on the low nobility class of the Portuguese. Unfortunately the weapons used are wrong. Pikes would only be used with the ordenancas of D.Sebastiao reaching the end of the 15th century.

the King had at his disposal military leadership to serve overseas under direct orders of the crown.
"From the mid-15th century onwards, the lower and middle-ranking leadership of Portuguese expeditions and of the resulting overseas outposts were the fidalgos – gentlemen descended from the old knightly class. The importance of such men was highlighted by Azurara (Gomes Eanes de Zurara) during the second half of the 15th century. His Chronicle of the King Dom João I described the force assembled to attack Ceuta, the most enthusiastic being younger men who ‘ardently desired to acquire the merits of those who had given them life [their fathers], and following their example, to furnish proofs of their courage and loyalty’.

“Success led to a rapid expansion of a class known as the ‘nobility of service’, so that by the 16th century numerous fidalgos from minor and often poor aristocratic families would hang around the royal court, eager for a chance to show their worth. Consequently, the Portuguese government was able to employ large numbers in its armadas and overseas captaincies, their exploits filling the 16th century chronicles and literature.”
Nicolle ill. Embleton 2012 p13-14

Crowley 2015 p228
“The military code of the fidalgos valued heroic personal deeds over tactics, the taking of booty and prizes over the achievement of strategic objectives. Men-at-arms were tied by personal and economic loyalties to their aristocratic leaders rather than to an overall commander. Victories were gained by acts of individual valor rather than rational planning. The Portuguese fought with a ferocity that stunned the peoples of the Indian Ocean, but their methods were medieval and chaotic and, not infrequently, suicidal.”
The historian João de Barros summarized its consequences for captains and commanders: ‘that in decisions about whether to fight … so that honorable deeds may be done, even if dangerous, they must not raise objections based on the personal safety of their lives.’ Henceforward prudence was impossible. No one felt able to refuse an engagement, however rash, without accusations of cowardice. Only bravery of the most explicit kind would suffice. The honor code of the fidalgos was accentuated to the extent of an emphasis on hand-to-hand combat over the distant destruction of cannon fire."

Crowley 2015 p278 (describing fidalgos at Goa, 1512)

“[T]he nobles wished to wield their enormous two-handed swords in heroic single combat, winning booty and polishing their reputations…”

Fidalgos who were nobles, clad head to toe in an expensive full set of armour, always at the top commanding positions, and also formed the veritable “spearhead” of assaults. Most notably, they wielded some scary two-handed swords the Portuguese called montante 3 which in the right hands was capable of cutting an un-armoured person (arguably the most common kind of foe the Portuguese faced in the east) in half, if the chronicles are to be trusted.

**j.a.luna** · November 20, 2021, 07:24 AM

Hello Sete, i suppose that you are portuguese my friend, i am spanish bro, i think that if you have information give military units from s.XII-XV for portuguese faction because sship mod begin in s.XII, but i think that iberian unit roster were pretty similar with unique units as almogavares or andalusians.
Maybe you can write some portuguese unit roster for early game to sship

**Sete** · November 20, 2021, 11:29 AM

Early on the setup is indeed similar.
Altough Besteiros do Conto are the earliest unit that is a bit different due to their semi professional aspect.
Indeed the early rooster will be quite similar with Cavaleiros viloes and Cavaleiros Fidalgos and a lot of militia units with Jinetes and Almorgarves.

Espingardeiros and Aventureiros are 2 late game units.
I'm currently reading Art of War in Portugal 1245 to 1367 by Miguel Gomes Martin's, I will dig all the info I can up.

**Sete** · November 22, 2021, 05:10 PM

Originally Posted by j.a.luna

Hello Sete, i suppose that you are portuguese my friend, i am spanish bro, i think that if you have information give military units from s.XII-XV for portuguese faction because sship mod begin in s.XII, but i think that iberian unit roster were pretty similar with unique units as almogavares or andalusians.
Maybe you can write some portuguese unit roster for early game to sship

Can I ask which units you have for early Castille?

For Portugal, as soon as I'm done with the book already have a list of soldiers and equipment for high medieval and late.

**j.a.luna** · November 22, 2021, 06:07 PM

Originally Posted by Sete

Can I ask which units you have for early Castille?

For Portugal, as soon as I'm done with the book already have a list of soldiers and equipment for high medieval and late.

Mmm i had a castilian and aragonese unit roster in my old computer... But for christians in the "Reconquista" had similar armies and in s. XII-XIII also were similar to european armies but with unique warfare style due to fight against light muslim cavalry and the famous "razzias".

For example castilians and aragonese should share the "almogavares" troops, also as mercenaries in Iberia with more recruitment availability in Aragon/Levante lands.
Also they share the "Jinetes" light cavalry with javalins and the famous and typical iberian "adarga" shield. Similar to caballeros villanos.
For the rest, the infantry were called "peones", they were spearmen, crossbowmen, javelinmen... Also existed a strong urban militia in important cities with crossbows and spear militia. The bow It is hardly used by the Christian forces, the crossbow became very widespread. On the other hand, the Muslim forces did use their bow, although the Andalusian militias were quite similar to the Christian forces.
And of course the mounted and dismounted knights as in all of Europe and their style of cavalry charge.
From the 13th-14th century, the Spanish used combat with swords and small bucklers / shields a lot, their feared swordsmen being very famous already in the 15th century.
And later, as you know, its famous "Spanish Tercios" of pikemen and arquebusiers that conquered half the world.
Here I leave you an interesting link about "Reconquista armies"

https://arrecaballo.es/edad-media/la...#la-infanteria

**Sete** · November 23, 2021, 04:04 AM

Cheers, I have plenty of info on late high units, early units not so much.
Yeah same in Portugal, the crossbow completely supplanted the bow in the 12th century, although there are a couple of mentions for it.
Jinetes and Almogarvares, I think it was widespread on the peninsula.

Cheers for the link.

**j.a.luna** · November 23, 2021, 07:33 AM

Originally Posted by Sete

Cheers, I have plenty of info on late high units, early units not so much.
Yeah same in Portugal, the crossbow completely supplanted the bow in the 12th century, although there are a couple of mentions for it.
Jinetes and Almogarvares, I think it was widespread on the peninsula.

Cheers for the link.

I think that for Portugal could make a new unique unit called "Besteiros" for early game, a portuguese crossbow unit with better stats than crossbow militia and with better melee combat as a medium infantry( with swords and little axes and adargas/buckle shields), available in cities and as mercenaries in portuguese lands( Lisboa, Coimbra and Algarve)
Yes, Jinetes also is ok for Portugal but almogavares were almost for castilians and aragonese use.
Also could make a new IBERIAN unit for Portugal, Castille and Aragon called "Hidalgos" as lesser nobles infantry armed with swords, chain maill/ gambeson and adarga/little buckle shields with high skill defense and attack but poor armour predeccesors of "rodeleros", It is well known that in the Iberian Peninsula it was full of minor noblemen called "Hidalgos" second-in-class who sought riches and fortunes in military campaigns such as the "Reconquista" or the conquest of America.

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